Northwestern Shoshone term for homeland or territory.¹ Although Indigenous peoples historically did not share Euro-American notions of private property, they possess clear conceptions of their ancestral homeland or territory and its boundaries. They viewed this territory and its resources as belonging to their kin group and their kin group as belonging to the land.² Ancestors buried in the debia’ were not absent, but instead active spiritual presences that provided bo’ha or spiritual power to their descendants and protected the land while the living were away.³ Visitors to other nations’ debia’ were usually welcomed, so long as they obtained permission and there were sufficient resources to sustain the additional population.⁴ Although settler societies such as the United States have imposed legal regimes that restrict Indigenous peoples’ access to and control over their homelands, Native nations such as the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation work within and around these restrictions to affirm their sovereignty and maintain connections to their debia’.⁵