Born in Orange, New Jersey; joined Mormon Battalion in 1846; remained in California following his discharge in 1847; in gold fields at same time as GQC; operated Bella Union saloon in Sacramento with William Squires in October 1850; later married Squires’s widow. (See Larson, Database of the Mormon Battalion, 71; GQC journal, Oct. 23, 1850; June 3, 1851.)